Key Takeaways

1. Over 2,500 active down payment assistance (DPA) programs exist across the U.S. as of 2026, with 72% offering grants that never need to be repaid.
2. 60% of DPA programs are open to repeat home buyers, not just first-time purchasers, as long as you meet income and property eligibility requirements.
3. You can combine DPA with a low-down-payment primary mortgage (FHA, VA, USDA, or conventional 3% down) to cover 100% of your upfront purchase costs in many markets.
4. Always verify the repayment terms before accepting DPA: silent second mortgages only require repayment when you sell or refinance, while deferred loans accrue interest over time.
5. Most DPA programs have income caps between 80% and 120% of your area's median income (AMI), so check your local AMI before you start the application process.
6. DPA can cover more than just your down payment: 68% of programs allow you to use funds for closing costs, pre-paid taxes, and even minor home repairs upfront.
7. Applying for DPA can add 7–14 days to your mortgage closing timeline, so factor this extra time into your offer and moving plans when you make an offer on a home.